Selection of Aluminum Die Castings for Industrial Equipment: Implementation Paths for Wear Resistance and High Precision Requirements

Selection of Aluminum Die Castings for Industrial Equipment: Implementation Paths for Wear Resistance and High Precision Requirements

In the field of industrial equipment, aluminum die castings are widely used in core components such as gearboxes, motor housings, and hydraulic valve bodies due to their advantages of lightweight and high rigidity. To meet the core requirements of industrial equipment for wear resistance and high precision of castings, the selection process should focus on three core dimensions: material adaptation, process control, and parameter matching, and construct a scientific selection system to ensure that the casting performance is accurately consistent with the equipment operating conditions.

Material selection is the foundation for achieving wear resistance requirements. Priority should be given to high-strength aluminum alloy materials, such as Al-Si-Cu series alloys (e.g., ADC12, A380). Their moderate silicon content can form hard silicon phases, improving the wear resistance of castings; for heavy-load and high-friction operating conditions, special aluminum alloys added with alloying elements such as manganese and chromium can be selected, or surface treatment processes (e.g., anodizing, hard anodizing) can be adopted to enhance surface hardness. At the same time, strict control of material purity is required to reduce impurity content and avoid the attenuation of wear resistance caused by impurities.

Process optimization is the core means to ensure high precision. During selection, attention should be paid to the advancement of die casting processes, and priority should be given to processes such as high-pressure die casting and vacuum die casting to reduce internal defects of castings such as porosity and shrinkage, and improve dimensional stability; mold precision directly determines casting precision, so it is necessary to confirm that the mold is manufactured with high-precision processing equipment and equipped with a reasonable cooling system to ensure uniform cooling of castings and avoid dimensional deviations caused by uneven shrinkage. In addition, supplementary post-processing processes (e.g., CNC precision machining) can further correct dimensional errors to meet micron-level precision requirements.

Parameter matching must be adapted to equipment operating conditions. For wear resistance selection, it is necessary to combine equipment parameters such as load and operating speed to select castings with corresponding hardness and wear resistance levels; for high-precision selection, it is necessary to clarify the equipment's requirements for casting dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance, and confirm the dimensional control capability of the die casting process with suppliers. At the same time, the casting structure design should be considered to avoid increased processing difficulty caused by designs such as sudden wall thickness changes and complex cavities, ensuring the realization of high precision and wear resistance from the source.